Figure 1: Sydney Chapman and son Cecil, at the Fairbanks Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska building named in his honor in 1968.(Geophysical Institute archive photo).
Figure 2.Determining the shape of the magnetosphere is one of the oldest problems in space physics. Chapman and Ferraro, 1931, were the first to recognize that the Earth's magnetic field carves out a cavity in the oncoming solar wind (Chapman and Ferraro, 1931).