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The Leading Edge; September 2003; v. 22; no. 9; p. 872-875; DOI: 10.1190/1.1614160
© 2003 Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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GPR and marine seismic imaging of carbonate mound structures in Denmark and southwest Sweden

A case study of imaging structures at different scales

Lars Nielsen and Lars Ole Boldreel

University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Jette Vindum

University of Aarhus, Denmark

Corresponding author: ln@geo.geol.ku.dk

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

This article describes how ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements and marine seismic data were combined to image the fine- and large-scale geometrical characteristics of carbonate mound structures in Denmark and southwest Sweden (Figure 1) where carbonate mound complexes over structural highs are commonly observed in near-surface limestone layers. The mounds, Upper Cretaceous-Danian (Lower Paleocene) age, represent the late stage of a ~35 million-year period of carbonate deposition in large parts of northwest Europe (Surlyk, 1997). Carbonate mounds in Denmark and Sweden are similar regarding architecture, spatial distribution, and size.


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  		Figure 1. Regional map of the study area. Circles indicate areas where limestone mounds are observed in outcrop. Filled circle indicates where the GPR measurements used in the present study have been conducted. L=Limhamn limestone quarry. SK=Stevns Klint. KK=Karlby Klint. Gray polygon indicates area of marine seismic profiling. Location of seismic line K84-1 is shown.

 
In the North Sea, contemporaneous limestones form important oil and gas reservoirs, and detailed mapping of the carbonate mounds is essential for reservoir and hydrological modeling of the limestones and for understanding the processes that led to their formation.

GPR data are often successfully processed, visualized, and interpreted using techniques originally designed for reflection seismic data, and the reflected GPR signals can effectively describe small-scale sedimentary geometries in the same way as seismic data are used for sequence stratigraphic mapping on a larger scale. GPR has effectively imaged limestone deposits with, for typical limestones in this study, a vertical resolution for 100-MHz antennae of ~0.5 m and maximum penetration depth of around 10 m.

Marine seismic data image large-scale (up to ~1000-m wide and ~100-m high) mound-like structures in the limestone deposits in the southeastern North Sea and the sea of Kattegat between Denmark and Sweden. The penetration depth of the seismic signals is hundreds of meters; . . . [Full Text of this Article]






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