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An introduction—Ground-penetrating radar in unconsolidated and consolidated sediments

Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.

Harry M. Jol

Eau Claire, Wisconsin, U. S.

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

The shallow subsurface of the earth is vital to the well being of humankind. It is the source of many of our resources and of ground water. Where we excavate from the earth, how we build on it, and where we dispose of waste in it are of increasing concern as the global population grows. The associated need to locate objects or geological structures in the shallow subsurface in a noninvasive way is a challenge that is being met by geophysics, which has provided a range of geophysical methods and instruments suited for this purpose. One of the most successful of these methods is ground-penetrating radar (GPR), a nonseismic means of subsurface probing, which uses electromagnetic waves.

From the early days of GPR, the method has also been used to characterize physical properties of . . . [Full Text of this Article]