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The Leading Edge; July 2003; v. 22; no. 7; p. 654-660; DOI: 10.1190/1.1599691
© 2003 Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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Factors controlling elastic properties in carbonate sediments and rocks

Gregor P. Eberli and Gregor T. Baechle

University of Miami, Florida, U.S.

Flavio S. Anselmetti

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

Michael L. Incze

DIVNPT, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.

Corresponding author: geberli@rsmas.miami.edu

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Carbonate sediments are prone to rapid and pervasive diagenetic alterations that change the mineralogy and pore structure within carbonate rocks. In particular, cementation and dissolution processes continuously modify the pore structure to create or destroy porosity. In extreme cases these modifications can completely change the mineralogy from aragonite/calcite to dolomite, or reverse the pore distribution whereby original grains are dissolved to produce pores as the original pore space is filled with cement to form the rock (Figure 1). All these modifications alter the elastic properties of the rock and, therefore, the sonic velocity. The result is a dynamic relationship among diagenesis, porosity, pore-type, and sonic velocity. The result is a wide range of sonic velocity in carbonates, in which compressional-wave velocity (VP) ranges from 1700 to 6600 m/s and shear-wave velocity (VS) from 600 to 3500 m/s.


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  		Figure 1. Illustration of pore type transformation from interparticle to moldic during diagenesis. (a) Photomicrograph of oolithic carbonate sand with interparticle pore space is in black. (b) Photomicrograph of moldic carbonate rock. The molds (blue epoxy) are created by the dissolution of ooids and peloids whereas the former pore space is filled with blocky white cement to form the rock.

 
Porosity is the main controlling factor in determining the sonic velocity in rocks but in carbonates the pore type is nearly equally important in the elastic behavior and resultant sonic velocity (Anselmetti and Eberli, 1993, 1997). Most of the current theoretical equations do not, or insufficiently, account for this modification of the elastic behavior by the pore type. Consequently, seismic inversion, AVO analysis, and calculations of pore volumes that are based on these equations are prone to large uncertainties in carbonates.

We measured acoustic velocities on modern carbonate sediments and rocks in various stages of diagenesis to reveal the . . . [Full Text of this Article]




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